The Sacred Books

The books billions live by, laid out oldest first, from the Hebrew Bible to the Guru Granth Sahib. Each scripture in its own language against the great English translations.

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  • oral, ancient

    The Wisdom Never Written Down

    A books series can only hold what was written. Here is the wisdom that was sung, spoken, and carved instead.

  • c. 600 BCE

    The Hebrew Bible

    The Jewish scriptures, and the root of all three Western religions: creation, the exodus from Egypt, the law, and the prophets' demand for justice. Read here the way Judaism reads it, through argument and never alone.

  • c. 450 BCE

    The Analects of Confucius

    The sayings Confucius's students wrote down, the book that shaped Chinese, Korean, and Japanese life for two thousand years. Less about gods than about how to be a decent person: family, learning, and treating others as you would want to be treated.

  • c. 400 BCE

    The Tao Te Ching

    Taoism's founding book, written in China about 2,500 years ago: 81 short, riddling poems on living in harmony with the Tao, the nameless way behind all things. The most translated book after the Bible, here in two dozen English versions at once.

  • c. 300 BCE

    The Zhuangzi

    The other great Taoist classic, and the funny one. Wild little stories that puncture our certainty, like the man who dreams he is a butterfly and wakes unsure which he is, walked in Brook Ziporyn's translation.

  • c. 250 BCE

    The Dhammapada

    Buddhism's most loved little book, 423 verses of the Buddha's teaching in its plainest form: the mind makes the world, hatred is never ended by hatred, and the way out of suffering is to want less. Seven English translations side by side.

  • c. 100 BCE

    The Bhagavad Gita

    Hinduism's best-known scripture. On the edge of a battle, a warrior loses his nerve, and his charioteer, who turns out to be God, talks him through how to act in a world of duty and loss. All 700 verses, including the line Oppenheimer quoted at the first atomic test.

  • c. 70 CE

    The New Testament

    The Christian scriptures: the life and teaching of Jesus, his death and resurrection, and the letters of Paul that built a religion. Sixteen keystone passages in the Greek against nine English translations, from the one Tyndale was burned at the stake for to today.

  • c. 150 CE

    Nagarjuna's Middle Way

    The deepest book in Buddhist philosophy, from about 150 CE. Its argument is that nothing, including you, exists on its own, and that this emptiness is not bleak but the very thing that lets anything change or ever be set free.

  • 632 CE

    The Quran

    Islam's holy book, believed to be the literal words of God given to Muhammad in Arabic, which Muslims hold cannot truly be translated. Fourteen keystone passages in the Arabic against seven English versions, each only an interpretation of the meaning.

  • 1604

    The Guru Granth Sahib

    The scripture of Sikhism, and the strangest case here: Sikhs treat the book itself as their living teacher, enthroned rather than merely read. One God, honest work, and the radical welcome of Hindu and Muslim saints into its own pages.

© 2026 Ethan WillinghamFeeling lucky? ↗